Onkelos on the Torah: Understanding the Bible Text Leviticus Review

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Onkelos on the Torah: Understanding the Bible Text Leviticus ReviewThis book represents the third in a five-part series rendering the Targum Onkelos in English. The book is designed both to fulfill the rabbinic requirement to read a the weekly Torah section in the Targum and to provide scholars with an accessible work that explains much of the complexity of Leviticus and the Targum Onkelos of Leviticus.
To this end, the work provides the Hebrew text of Leviticus with the commentary of Rashi underneath (both vocalized), along with both the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos (vocalized) and an English translation. The haphtarah readings in the prophets are also provided, both for each section of Leviticus and for special days. These haphtarah readings are based on the Aramaic, not the Hebrew, and the authors provide introductions to each that explain both the text and the various changes the translator made.
The running commentary on the text is quite helpful, providing both linguistic information about the Hebrew original and the Aramaic translation along with the various ways in which the text was understood in rabbinic and scholarly schools from the halakhic Sifra all the way through modern times. The authors are not afraid to point out times when the rabbinic interpretations seem to deviate from the basic meaning of the text.
The work is designed to be accessible to more than just scholars; introductions are provided explaining the purposes of the authors, the relationship of Saadiah Gaon to the Targum Onkelos, the disputation within Judaism regarding the need for sacrifices, and the main differences between Targum Onkelos and the original Hebrew text. The commentary also attempts to provide similar explanations so that a person who has no knowledge of Aramaic can still see many of the differences between the Targum and the original Hebrew. The authors make the argument that the translator of the Targum Onkelos does his work around 400 CE, and that he strives to provide an accurate rendering of the text, and is not prone to inserting halakhic understandings or expansions within the text. Comparisons are often made to the two other Targums-- Neophyti and Pseudo-Jonathan-- and how they differ.
Each chapter concludes with a "Onkelos highlights" section that emphasizes a certain point made previously in the commentary. Many chapters are followed with "Beyond the Text" questions that are purely directed for a Jewish audience, and which are a bit alienating to a non-Jewish reader.
The work is quite magisterial, and the expertise of the authors is evident throughout. I would have liked for more of the introductory material that is alluded to from the previous two volumes (Genesis and Exodus) to be present in this volume, and some of the arguments that the authors seek to make could have been made without dominating the material at times. Nevertheless, this handsome edition will benefit both layman and scholar alike who seek to better understand the Targum Onkelos and the history of interpretation of the book of Leviticus.
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